At least two Gaulish tribes bearing the name Biturige are known to have existed around this period: the Biturige Cubi, living in the Berry, and the Biturige Vivisci, inhabiting the area around Bordeaux.

Several theories have been put forawrd for this duality but none has, thus far, proved convincing.

Julius Caesar was the first to mention the tribes, in his account of the war in Gaul, De Bello Gallico. The name Biturige literally means "the kings of the world", its roots being in the Gaulish words bitu (world) and rix (king).